Cases of fraud are where individuals intentionally deceive others to gain an advantage and cause financial or legal harm. Criminal fraud encompasses various deceptive acts, some explicitly defined as fraud under the law, while others may be related to fraud but labeled differently.

In New York, the state does not have a specific section in the penal law for charging individuals with general “fraud.” Instead, the state has established specific statutes that outline various forms of fraudulent activities. When charging someone with fraud, the court relies on these particular statutes to ensure precise legal proceedings